Faculty Lineup

Journal Paper Publication List (2/2012 to date, 12/2023)

1. G.-F. Sung and W. Lee*, “Hybrid active–passive control of an unconventional smart window based on dye-doped dual-frequency liquid crystal,” Adv. Photonics Res. 4(12), 2300275-1–9 (2023).

2. Y.-C. Chang, S.-H. Yang, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Electrically tunable thermoresponsive optic switch for smart window application based on dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal,” J. Mol. Liq. 388, 122752-1–9 (2023).

3. W. Lee*, M. H. Godinho, D.-K. Yang, and V. Zyryanov, “Liquid-Crystalline Materials for Optical and Photonic Applications: introduction to the feature issue,” Opt. Mater. Express 13(8), 2422–2425 (2023).

4. G.-F. Sung, S.-Y. Chiu, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-C. Liou, C.-P. Yeh, and W. Lee*, “Electrically tunable defect-mode wavelengths in a liquid-crystal-in-cavity hybrid structure in the near-infrared range,” Materials 16(8), 3229-1–15 (2023).

5. T.-K. Chang, Y.-Y. Tseng, P.-C. Wu, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Optical and flexoelectric biosensing based on a hybrid-aligned liquid crystal of anomalously small bend elastic constant,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 232, 115314-1–7 (2023).

6. T.-K. Chang, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Signal amplification strategies for optical biodetection at the liquid crystal–solid interface [Invited Mini-review],” Liq. Cryst. 50(7–10), 1624–1634 (2023).

7. C.-H. Huang, C.-H. Wu, R. G. Bikbaev, M.-J. Ye, C.-W. Chen, T.-J. Wang, I. V. Timofeev, W. Lee, and K.-P. Chen*, “Wavelength- and angle-selective photodetectors enabled by graphene hot electrons with Tamm plasmon polaritons,” Nanomaterials 13(4), 693-1–9 (2023).

8. H. Shaban, J.-T. Hsieh, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Label-free optical and electrical immunoassays based on lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals: Implications of real-time detection and kinetic analysis,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 223, 115011-1–7 (2023).

9. I. V. Timofeev* and W. Lee*, “(Editorial) Special Issue: Soft photonic crystals and metamaterials,” Materials 15(22), 8096-1–4 (2022).

10. T.-K. Chang, P.-C. Tung, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “A liquid-crystal aptasensing platform for label-free detection of a single circulating tumor cell,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 216, 114607-1–8 (2022).

11. B.-S. Chen, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Multimodal spectrometric and dielectric biosensing with an ionic-surfactant-doped liquid crystal,” Sens. Actuators. B Chem. 365, 131912-1–9 (2022).

12. T.-K. Chang, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Quantitative biosensing based on a liquid crystal marginally aligned by the PVA/DMOAP composite for optical signal amplification,” Biosensors 12(4), 218-1–13 (2022).

13. C.-H. Yu, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Polymer stabilization of uniform lying helix texture in a bimesogen-doped cholesteric liquid crystal for frequency-modulated electro-optic responses,” Materials 15(3), 771-1–15 (2022).

14. N. V. Rudakova*, R. G. Bikbaev, P. S. Pankin, S. Ya. Vetrov, I. V. Timofeev, K.-P. Chen, and W. Lee, “Metal–dielectric polarization-preserving anisotropic mirror for chiral optical Tamm state,” Nanomaterials 12(2), 234-1–8 (2022).

15. Y.-Q. Wang, P.-C. Wu, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Photocontrolled capacitive biosensor based on photoresponsive azobenzene-doped liquid crystals for label-free protein assay,” J. Mol. Liq. 345, 117908-1–8 (2022).

16. G.-F. Sung, P.-C. Wu, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Electrically active and thermally passive liquid- crystal device toward smart glass,” Photonics Res. 9(11), 2288–2295 (2021).

17. P.-C. Wu, C.-P. Pai, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “A single-substrate biosensor with spin-coated liquid crystal film for simple, sensitive and label-free protein detection,” Biosensors 11(10), 374-1–14 (2021).

18. H. Shaban, P.-C. Wu, J.-H. Lee, and W. Lee*, “Dielectric and electro-optical responses of a dielectrically negative nematic liquid crystal doped with cationic surfactant,” Opt. Mater. Express 11(9), 3208–3222 (2021).

19. H. Shaban, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Label-free detection and spectrometrically quantitative analysis of the cancer biomarker CA125 based on lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal,” Biosensors 11(8), 271-1–14 (2021).

20. M.-Y. Lin, W.-H. Xu, R. G. Bikbaev*, J.-H. Yang, C.-R. Li, I. V Timofeev, W. Lee, and K.-P. Chen*, “Chiral-selective Tamm plasmon polaritons,” Materials 14(11), 2788-1–9 (2021).

21. H. Shaban, S.-C. Yen, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Signal amplification in an optical and dielectric biosensor employing liquid crystal-photopolymer composite as the sensing medium,” Biosensors 11(3), 81-1–15 (2021).

22. B.-R. Wu, J.-H. Yang, P. S. Pankin, C.-H. Huang, W. Lee, D. N. Maksimov, I. V. Timofeev, and K.-P. Chen*, “Quasi-bound states in the continuum with temperature-tunable Q factors and critical coupling point at Brewster’s angle,” Laser Photonics Rev. 15(5), 2000290-1–7 (2021).

23. M.-J. Lee*, C.-P. Pai, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Label-free single-substrate quantitative protein assay based on optical characteristics of cholesteric liquid crystals,” J. Mol. Liq. 331C, 115756- 1–8 (2021).

24. W. Wu, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “All-electrical switching and electrothermo-optical response of a tristable smectic-A liquid crystal,” J. Mol. Liq. 325, 114566-1–6 (2021).

25. M.-J. Lee*, F.-F. Duan, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Liquid crystal‒photopolymer composite films for label-free single-substrate protein quantitation and immunoassay,” Biomed. Opt. Express 11(9), 4915–4927 (2020).

26. M.-J. Lee* and W. Lee*, “Liquid crystal-based capacitive, electro-optical and dielectric biosensors for protein quantitation [Invited Mini-review],” Liq. Cryst. 47(8), 1145–1153 (2020).

27. M.-C. Yeh, S.-H. Yang, and W. Lee*, “Color tuning in thermo-sensitive chiral photonic liquid crystals based on the pseudo-dielectric heating effect,” J. Mol. Liq. 296, 112082-1–6 (2019).

28. N. Rudakova*, I. Timofeev, R. Bikbaev, M. Pyatnov, S. Vetrov, and W. Lee*, “Chiral optical Tamm states at the interface between an all-dielectric polarization-preserving anisotropic mirror and a cholesteric liquid crystal,” Crystals 9(10), 00502-1–12 (2019).

29. Y.-C. Lin, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Frequency-modulated textural formation and optical properties of a binary rod-like/bent-core cholesteric liquid crystal,” Photonics Res. 7(11), 1258– 1265 (2019).

30. W.-L. Hsu, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Electric-field-assisted signal amplification for label-free liquid-crystal-based detection of biomolecules,” Biomed. Opt. Express 10(10), 4987–4998 (2019).

31. P.-C. Wu, G.-W. Wu, C.-H. Yu, and W. Lee*, “Voltage-induced pseudo-dielectric heating and its application for color tuning in a thermally sensitive cholesteric liquid crystal,” Liq. Cryst. 46(13–14), 2085–2093 (2019).

32. C.-H. Yu, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Electro-thermal formation of uniform lying helix alignment in a cholesteric liquid crystal cell,” Crystals 9(4), 00183-1–10 (2019).

33. C.-M. Lin, P.-C. Wu, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Label-free protein quantitation by dielectric spectroscopy of dual-frequency liquid crystal,” Sens. Actuators. B Chem. 282, 158–163 (2019).

34. V. Gunyakov*, I. Timofeev, M. Krakhalev, W. Lee, and V. Zyryanov, “Electric field-controlled transformation of the eigenmodes in a twisted-nematic Fabry–Pérot cavity,” Sci. Rep. 8(11), 16869-1–9 (2018).

35. P.-C. Wu, G.-W. Wu, I. V. Timofeev, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Electro-thermally tunable reflective colors in a self-organized cholesteric helical superstructure,” Photonics Res. 6(12), 1094–1100 (2018).

36. N. V. Rudakova, I. V. Timofeev, S. Ya. Vetrov, and W. Lee*, “All-dielectric polarization- preserving anisotropic mirror,” OSA Continuum 1(2), 682–689 (2018).

37. Y.-L. Chiang, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Enhancing detection sensitivity in quantitative protein detection based on dye-doped liquid crystals,” Dyes Pigm. 157, 117–122 (2018).

38. P.-C. Wu, H.-L. Chen, N. V. Rudakova, I. V. Timofeev, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Electro- optical and dielectric properties of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal impregnated with a fluorine-containing compound,” J. Mol. Liq. 267, 138–143 (2018).

39. Y.-C. Hsiao, Z.-H. Yang, D. Shen, and W. Lee*, “Red, green, and blue reflections enabled in an electrically tunable helical superstructure,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 6(5), 1701128-1–6 (2018).

40. P.-C. Wu, A. Karn, M.-J. Lee*, W. Lee*, and C.-Y. Chen, “Dye-liquid-crystal-based biosensing for quantitative protein assay,” Dyes Pigm. 150, 73–78 (2018).

41. Z.-W. Xie, J.-H. Yang, V. Vashistha, W. Lee, and K.-P. Chen*, “Liquid-crystal tunable color filters based on aluminum metasurfaces,” Opt. Express 25(24), 30764–30770 (2017).

42. C.-H. Yu, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Alternative generation of well-aligned uniform lying helix texture in a cholesteric liquid crystal cell,” AIP Adv. 7(10), 105107-1–8 (2017).

43. P.-C. Wu, C.-Y. Hsiao, and W. Lee*, “Photonic bandgap–cholesteric device with electrical tunability and optical tristability in its defect modes,” Crystals 7(7), 184-1–11 (2017).

44. Z.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Hsiao, D. Shen, and W. Lee*, “A thermally tunable narrowband selector based on a chiral nematic containing a binary thermosensitive chiral dopant mixture,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 644(1), 19–25 (2017).

45. Y.-C. Hsiao, E.-R. Yeh, and W. Lee*, “Advanced color-reflective dual-frequency cholesteric liquid crystal displays and the driving matrix,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 644(1), 12–18 (2017).

46. I. V. Timofeev,* P. S. Pankin, S. Ya. Vetrov, V. G. Arkhipkin, W. Lee, and V. Ya. Zyryanov, “Chiral optical Tamm states: Temporal coupled-mode theory,” Crystals 7(4), 113-1–15 (2017).

47. M.-J. Lee*, C.-H. Chang, and W. Lee*, “Label-free protein sensing by employing blue phase liquid crystal,” Biomed. Opt. Express 8(3), 1712–1720 (2017).

48. Y.-C. Hsiao, K.-C. Huang, and W. Lee*, “Photo-switchable chiral liquid crystal with optical tristability enabled by a photoresponsive azo-chiral dopant,” Opt. Express 25(3), 2687–2693 (2017).

49. W. Lee*, C. B. de Araújo, G. Khanarian, and V. Zyryanov, “Feature issue introduction: colloidal systems,” Opt. Mater. Express 7(2), 654–657 (2017).

50. K.-C. Huang, Y.-C. Hsiao, I. V. Timofeev, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Photo-manipulated photonic bandgap devices based on optically tristable chiral-tilted homeotropic nematic liquid crystal,” Opt. Express 24(22), 25019–25025 (2016).

51. Y.-L. Nian, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Optimized frequency regime for the electrohydrodynamic induction of the uniformly lying helix structure,” Photonics Res. 4(6), 227–232 (2016).

52. H.-T. Wang, P.-C. Wu, I. V. Timofeev, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Dynamic tuning and memory switching of defect modes in a hybrid photonic structure,” Crystals 6(10), 129-1–9 (2016).

53. Y.-C. Hsiao, C.-W. Su, Z.-H. Yang, Y. I. Cheypesh, J.-H. Yang, V. Yu. Reshetnyak, K.-P. Chen*, and W. Lee*, “Electrically active nanoantenna array enabled by varying molecular orientation of interfaced liquid crystal,” RSC Adv. 6, 84500–84504 (2016).

54. C.-H. Lin, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Bovine serum albumin detection and quantitation based on capacitance measurements of liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(9), 093703-1–4 (2016).

55. P.-C. Wu, H.-T. Hsu, H.-L. Chen, and W. Lee*, “Dielectric characterization and voltage holding ratio of blue-phase cells,” Displays 44, 66–72 (2016).

56. Y.-C. Hsiao, S.-M. Huang, E.-R. Yeh, and W. Lee*, “Temperature-dependent electrical and dielectric properties of nematic liquid crystals doped with ferroelectric particles,” Displays 44, 61–65 (2016).

57. K.-P. Chen*, S.-C. Ye, C.-Y. Yang, Z.-H. Yang, W. Lee, and M.-G. Sun, “Electrically tunable transmission of gold binary-grating metasurfaces integrated with liquid crystals,” Opt. Express 24(15), 16815–16821 (2016).

58. J.-C. Huang, Y.-C. Hsiao, Y.-T. Lin, C.-R. Lee, and W. Lee*, “Electrically switchable organo–inorganic hybrid for a white-light laser source,” Sci. Rep. 6, 28363-1–7 (2016).

59. P.-C. Wu, S.-Y. Yang, and W. Lee*, “Recovery of UV-degraded electrical properties of nematic liquid crystals doped with TiO2 nanoparticles,” J. Mol. Liq. 218, 150–155 (2016).

60. Y.-C. Hsiao, Y.-C. Sung, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Highly sensitive color-indicating and quantitative biosensor based on cholesteric liquid crystal,” Biomed. Opt. Express 6(12), 5033–5038 (2015).

61. I. V. Timofeev*, V. A. Gunyakov, V. S. Sutormin, S. A. Myslivets, V. G. Arhipkin, S. Ya. Vetrov, W. Lee, and V. Ya. Zyryanov, “Geometric phase and o-mode blueshift in a chiral anisotropic medium inside a Fabry–Pérot cavity,” Phys. Rev. E 92(5), 052504-1–14 (2015).

62. Y.-C. Hsiao, I. V. Timofeev, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Hybrid anchoring for a color-reflective dual-frequency cholesteric liquid crystal device switched by low voltages,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(11), 2715–2720 (2015).

63. K.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Lee, and W. Lee*, “Reflective displays based on dye-doped bistable chiral-tilted homeotropic nematics,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 617(1), 100–106 (2015).

64. H.-T. Hsu, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Dielectric and electro-optical properties of polymer- stabilized-blue-phase cells,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 617(1), 92–99 (2015).

65. Y.-C. Hsiao and W. Lee*, “Polymer stabilization of electrohydrodynamic instability in non- iridescent cholesteric thin films,” Opt. Express 23(17), 22636–22642 (2015).

66. H.-W. Su, M.-J. Lee*, and W. Lee*, “Surface modification of alignment layer by ultraviolet irradiation to dramatically improve the detection limit of liquid-crystal-based immunoassay for the cancer biomarker CA125,” J. Biomed. Opt. 20(5), 057004-1–9 (2015).

67. P.-C. Wu, L. N. Lisetski, and W. Lee*, “Suppressed ionic effect and low-frequency texture transitions in a cholesteric liquid crystal doped with graphene nanoplatelets,” Opt. Express 23(9), 11195–11204 (2015).

68. Y.-C. Hsiao and W. Lee*, “Electrically induced red, green, and blue scattering in chiral-nematic thin films,” Opt. Lett. 40(7), 1201–1203 (2015).

69. T.-Y. Tsai, P.-C. Wu, K.-T. Liao, H.-Y. Huang, C.-H. Lin, J.-S. Hsu*, and W. Lee*, “Purification of deteriorated liquid crystals by employing porous metal–organic-framework/polymer composites,” Opt. Mater. Express 5(3), 639–647 (2015).

70. S.-H. Sun, M.-J. Lee*, Y.-H. Lee, W. Lee*, X. Song, and C.-Y. Chen, “Immunoassays for the cancer biomarker CA125 based on a large-birefringence nematic liquid-crystal mixture,” Biomed. Opt. Express 6(1), 245–256 (2015).

71. P.-C. Wu, C.-T. Hou, Y.-C. Hsiao, and W. Lee*, “Influence of methyl red as a dopant on the electrical properties and device performance of liquid crystals,” Opt. Express 22(25), 31347–31355 (2014).

72. W. Lee*, C.-T. Huang, K.-T. Liao, J.-S. Hsu, and C.-H. Lin, “Metal–organic frameworks for regeneration of degraded liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 601(1), 88–96 (2014).

73. Y.-H. Lee, K.-C. Huang, W. Lee*, and C.-Y. Chen, “Low-power displays with dye-doped bistable chiral-tilted homeotropic nematic liquid crystals,” IEEE/OSA J. Display Technol. 10(12), 1106–1109 (2014).

74. S.-C. Chen, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Dielectric and phase behaviors of blue-phase liquid crystals,” Opt. Mater. Express 4(11), 2392–2400 (2014).

75. P.-C. Wu, E.-R. Yeh, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Spatial and electrical switching of defect modes in a photonic bandgap device with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal defect layer,” Opt. Express 22(17), 20278–20283 (2014).

76. H.-W. Su, Y.-H. Lee, M.-J. Lee*, Y.-C. Hsu, and W. Lee*, “Label-free immunodetection of the cancer biomarker CA125 using high-∆n liquid crystals,” J. Biomed. Opt. 19(7), 077006-1–6 (2014).

77. H.-T. Wang, I. Timofeev, K. Chang, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Tunable narrow-bandpass filter based on an asymmetric photonic bandgap structure with a dual-mode liquid crystal,” Opt. Express 22(12), 15097–15103 (2014).

78. H.-T. Wang, J.-D. Lin, C.-R. Lee, and W. Lee*, “Ultralow-threshold single-mode lasing based on a one-dimensional asymmetric photonic bandgap structure with liquid crystal as a defect layer,” Opt. Lett. 39(12), 3516–3519 (2014).

79. Y.-J. Liu, P.-C. Wu, and W. Lee*, “Spectral variations in selective reflection in cholesteric liquid crystals containing opposite-handed chiral dopants,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 596(1), 37–44 (2014).

80. W. Lee*, J. Park, V. Subramanian, and H. Takezoe, “Feature issue introduction: optical materials for flat panel displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 4(5), 1088–1091 (2014).

81. V. S. Sutormin, M. N. Krakhalev, O. O. Prishchepa, W. Lee, and V. Ya. Zyryanov*, “Electro-optical response of an ionic-surfactant-doped nematic cell with homeoplanar–twisted configuration transition [Invited],” Opt. Mater. Express 4(4), 810–815 (2014).

82. Y.-C. Hsiao, H.-T. Wang, and W. Lee*, “Thermodielectric generation of defect modes in a photonic liquid crystal,” Opt. Express 22(3), 3593–3599 (2014).

83. C.-T. Huang, K.-T. Liao, C.-H. Lin, J.-S. Hsu*, and W. Lee*, “Improved electric properties of degraded liquid crystal using metal–organic frameworks,” Appl. Phys. Express 6(12), 121701-1–4 (2013).

84. Y.-C. Hsiao and W. Lee*, “Lower operation voltage in dual-frequency cholesteric liquid crystals based on the thermodielectric effect,” Opt. Express 21(20), 23927–23933 (2013).

85. P.P. Banerjee*, D.R. Evans, W. Lee, V. Yu. Reshetnyak, and N. Tansu, “Hybrid organic–inorganic materials for novel photonic applications,” Appl. Opt. 52(22), HM1–3 (2013).

86. P.P. Banerjee*, D.R. Evans, W. Lee, V. Yu. Reshetnyak, and N. Tansu, “Hybrid organic–inorganic materials for photonic applications,” Opt. Mater. Express 3(8), 1149–1151 (2013).

87. Y.-C. Hsiao, Y.-H. Zou, I. V. Timofeev, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Spectral modulation of a bistable liquid-crystal photonic structure by the polarization effect,” Opt. Mater. Express 3(6), 821–828 (2013).

88. F.-C. Lin, P.-C. Wu, B.-R. Jian, and W. Lee*, “Dopant effect and cell-configuration-dependent dielectric properties of nematic liquid crystals,” Adv. Cond. Mat. Phys. 2013, 271574-1–5 (2013).

89. A. Y.-G. Fuh, W. Lee, and K.Y.-C. Huang*, “Derivation of extended Maxwell Garnett formula for carbon-nanotube-doped nematic liquid crystal,” Liq. Cryst. 40(6), 745–755 (2013).

90. P.-C. Wu and W. Lee*, “Phase and dielectric behaviors of a polymorphic liquid crystal doped with graphene nanoplatelets,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(16), 162904-1–4 (2013).

91. I. V. Timofeev*, V. G. Arkhipkin, S. Ya. Vetrov, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee, “Enhanced light absorption with a cholesteric liquid crystal layer,” Opt. Mater. Express 3(4), 496–501 (2013).

92. C.-H. Chen, V. Ya. Zyryanov, and W. Lee*, “Switching of defect modes in a photonic structure with a tristable smectic-A liquid crystal,” Appl. Phys. Express 5(8), 082003-1–3 (2012).

93. T.-Y. Tsai*, C.-Y. Lee, C.-J. Lee, M.-Y. Lin, and W. Lee*, “Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal nanocomposites comprising montmorillonite clay modified by conducting pentamerous oligoaniline,” J. Mater. Chem. 22(26), 13050–13056 (2012).

94. I. V. Timofeev*, Y.-T. Lin, V. A. Gunyakov, S. A. Myslivets, V. G. Arkhipkin, S. Ya. Vetrov, W. Lee, and V. Ya. Zyryanov, “Voltage-induced defect mode coupling in a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a twisted-nematic defect layer,” Phys. Rev. E 85(1), 011705-1–7 (2012).


Book and Book Chapter Publication List (2/2012 to date, 12/2023)

1. I. V. Timofeev and W. Lee (Eds.), Soft Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials (MDPI, Basel, January 2023), 138 p. [ISBN 978-3-0365-6074-8 (Hbk); ISBN 978-3-0365-6073-1 (PDF)]

2. M. Krakhalev, V. Sutormin, O. Prishchepa, A. Gardymova, A. Shabanov, W. Lee, and V. Zyryanov*, “Liquid crystals doped with ionic surfactants for electrically induced anchoring transitions,” in Unconventional Liquid Crystals and Their Applications, edited by Wei Lee and Sandeep Kumar (De Gruyter, Berlin, July 19, 2021), Chap. 7, pp. 279–330 (ISBN-13: 978-3110583038).

3. M.-J. Lee* and W. Lee, “Liquid crystal-based biosensing: exploiting the electrical and optical properties of various liquid crystals in quantitative bioassays,” in Unconventional Liquid Crystals and Their Applications, edited by Wei Lee and Sandeep Kumar (De Gruyter, Berlin, July 19, 2021), Chap. 5, pp. 239–264 (ISBN-10: 3110583038).

4. A. R. Yuvaraj, W. Lee, and S. Kumar*, “Unconventional liquid crystals: chemical aspects,” in Unconventional Liquid Crystals and Their Applications, edited by Wei Lee and Sandeep Kumar (de Gruyter, Berlin, July 19, 2021), Chap. 2, pp. 109–151 (ISBN-13: 978-3110583038).

5. P.-C. Wu*, S. Kumar, and W. Lee, “Introduction: from conventional to unconventional liquid crystals,” in Unconventional Liquid Crystals and Their Applications, edited by Wei Lee and Sandeep Kumar (De Gruyter, Berlin, July 19, 2021), Chap. 1, pp. 1–108 (ISBN-10: 3110583038).

6. P.-C. Wu and W. Lee*, “Tunable and Memorable Optical Devices with One-Dimensional Photonic-Crystal/Liquid-Crystal Hybrid Structures,” in Optical Devices in Communication and Computation, edited by Peng Xi (InTech, Croatia, September 19, 2012), Chap. 4, pp. 55–80 (ISBN 978-953-51-0763-7).

1. W. Lee, M.-J. Lee, S.-H. Sun, and H.-W. Su, "Liquid crystal-based biosensor and method for detecting a biomolecule,” Taiwan Patent No. I 491877, issued 7/11/2015 (–6/18/2034).

2. C.-T. Huang, K.-T. Liao, J.-S. Hsu, W. Lee, C.-H. Lin, and H.-Y. Huang, “Method of removing impurity ions from a liquid crystal material,” Taiwan Patent No. I 457419, issued 10/21/2014 (–1/19/2034).

3. W. Lee and Y.-S. Lin, “Method for recovering properties of degraded liquid crystal,” China Patent No. ZL 2010 1 0185697.6, issued 12/11/2013 (–5/21/2030).

4. W. Lee, H.-Y. Chen, and Noel A. Clark, “Liquid crystal composite and device with faster electro-optical response characteristics,” Taiwan Patent No. I 410478, issued 10/1/2013 (–1/14/2028).

5. W. Lee and Y.-S. Lin, “Method for recovering properties of degraded liquid crystal,” Japan Patent No. 5364046, issued 9/13/2013 (–6/11/2030).

6. W. Lee and Y.-S. Lin, “Method for recovering properties of degraded liquid crystal,” Taiwan Patent No. I 390021, issued 3/21/2013 (–10/7/2029).

7. W. Lee and Y.-S. Lin, “Method for recovering properties of degraded liquid crystal,” US Patent No. US 8,390,777 B2, issued 3/5/2013 (–9/11/2029).

8. W. Lee and Y.-S. Lu, “Liquid crystal device with stratified phase-separated composite and method for forming the same,” Taiwan Patent No. I 385431, issued 12/26/2012 (–7/5/2027).

9. Y.-T. Lin and W. Lee, “Liquid crystal cell of liquid crystal display testing method and apparatus thereof,” Taiwan Patent No. I 379094, issued 12/11/2012 (–4/2/2029).

10. W. Lee and Y.-S. Lu, “Liquid crystal device with stratified phase-separated composite and method for forming the same,” China Patent No. ZL 2007 1 0143438.5, issued 12/16/2009.